Bloodborne diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, which exist in blood and other body fluids. These pathogens include, but not limited to, hepatitis b virus hbv, hepatitis c virus hcv and human. These protocols provide advice in the area of risk management and infection control and. These precautions require that all blood and other body fluids be treated as if they are infectious. Proper risk management may help reduce bloodborne disease prevalence.
Hiv and other blood borne pathogens, including hbv, may be able to survive outside the body. Managing the care of patients infected with bloodborne diseases. Bloodborne pathogens quick facts what are bloodborne pathogens. The prevention of transmission of bloodborne diseases in the. Hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and other bloodborne infections in. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as ebola virus disease and lassa fever, are other examples. Ar 510, bloodborne diseases pennsylvania state police. Airborne diseases spread easily and are difficult to prevent. Health care workers are potentially exposed to these diseases in one of two ways. Vector borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. Sometimes mosquitoes carry germs like viruses that can be transmitted to a person while the mosquito is. As such, aabbs transfusion transmitted diseases ttd committee has provided an assessment of the outbreak to help inform blood collection establishments that are contemplating voluntary interventions.
To reduce that burden an integrated approach is required, combining health promotion, disease prevention and patient treatment. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. Mar 19, 2020 airborne diseases spread easily and are difficult to prevent. Cdc bloodborne infectious diseases surveillance niosh. These microorganisms have the potential to pass from one person to another by various routes, such as blood transfusions, sexual intercourse, open wounds, mucous membranes, and more. Learn more about the types of airborne diseases and how to protect yourself. Symptoms of infection include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, vomiting. Vectorborne diseases vectorborne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses and bacteria that are transmitted by vectors. These and other bloodborne pathogens are spread primarily through. The prevention of transmission of blood borne diseases in the healthcare setting on behalf of the department of health and children, i would like to thank the standing advisory committee and the many organisations which contributed to the report. They are microorganisms which live in human blood and cause disease. Blood borne pathogens inservice diseases of blood borne pathogens blood borne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and other body fluids and can cause disease in people. Blood disorders can also affect the liquid portion of blood, called plasma. This report of the standing advisory committee on the prevention of transmission of bloodborne diseases in the healthcare setting reflects a significant commitment on behalf of members of the group.
In saudi arabia, human immunodeficiency virus hiv suggested low incidence but increasing, whereas hepatitis b hbv is steadily declining but conflicting for hepatitis c hcv. This corresponds with the results of previous studies of sexually transmitted diseases in ghana, where t. There are many different bloodborne pathogens, including malaria, syphilis, and brucellosis, and most notably. Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms that are carried in human blood, and they are responsible for bloodborne infections and diseases. Infectious diseases aside, actual bleeding becomes an important issue when it occurs near the face because it may interfere with the athletes vision. Hepatitis e virus hepatitis a virus infection is contracted by swallowing the. Blood can contain pathogens of various types, chief among which are microorganisms, like bacteria and parasites, and nonliving infectious agents such as viruses. Bloodborne disease, any of a group of diseases caused by pathogens such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in and spread through contact with blood. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hbv and hiv. Several reports showed that the negligent use of instruments in beauty. Human immunodeficiency virus hiv, hepatitis b virus hbv, and hepatitis c virus hcv are three of the most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk. Common bloodborne diseases include hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency virus. Individuals may harbor blood borne diseases and not appear ill.
Bloodborne pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are present in blood and body fluids and can cause disease in humans. Provides data from the cdc about two of the major occupational bloodborne infectionshepatitis b and hiv, the virus that causes aids. Give at least three examples of work situations where. The risk of infection for health workers depends on the prevalence of disease in. The bloodborne pathogens of primary concern are hepatitis b, hepatitis c and hiv. For a bloodborne pathogen to be spread, the bodily fluids of an infected person must enter. Infected blood or body fluid from one person enters another persons body at a correct entry site, such as infected blood splashing in the eye. Blood borne pathogens means pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. However, blood collection establishments may choose voluntary interventions as a precaution, such as deferrals for travel to china. The prevention of transmission of bloodborne diseases in the healthcare setting. Although contracting a bloodborne disease under these conditions is a rare possibility, it represents an emotional issue. The risk of transmission of hepatitis b virus is particularly high in athletes in contact and collision sports, those who live in or travel to. Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can lead to diseases. What are the most common diseases i can get from exposure to blood.
Wash hands frequently to reduce the risk of exposure to blood borne diseases. They feed by sticking their mouthparts into the skin of a person or animal, and rapidly sucking blood. A mucocutaneous exposure incident with contact of a mucous membrane or nonintact skin with blood, tissue, or other potentially infectious bodily fluids. Blood disorders affect one or more parts of the blood and prevent your blood from doing its job. Blood disorder types, symptoms, and treatments webmd.
It can cause scarring of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. Bloodborne pathogens presentation slides minnesota department. Athletes are at risk of blood borne infections through bleeding injuries or injection of drugs with contaminated syringes. The normal work routine involves no exposure to blood, body fluids, or tissues, but the exposure or potential may result as a condition of employment. Year two of a national survey of sharps injuries and mucocutaneous blood exposures among healthcare workers in u. Bloodborne diseases transmission, types, diagnosis. Follow standard precautions to help prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and other diseases whenever there is a risk of exposure to. Some bloodborne pathogens pose few significant health threats and some are potentially fatal, often by leading to other illnesses.
Oshas bloodborne pathogens standard bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms present in blood that can cause disease in humans. Mosquitoes are small, blood sucking insects that depend on standing water to reproduce. Pdf blood borne infections are microorganisms that are carried in human blood and can cause disease in people. Bloodborne pathogens occupational safety and health. These pathogens include hepatitis b virus hbv and human. Guidelines on the prevention of bloodborne diseases in schools.
Infections and infectious diseases are a great burden on many societies, including the countries in the who european region. Microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. Prevention should focus on reducing nonsport associated risky behaviour, as well as dealing appropriately with bleeding injuries. Proper risk management may help reduce blood borne disease prevalence. Sweat, tears and urine do not carry these microorganisms. List the three ways exposure to bloodborne pathogens commonly occurs. However, bloodborne pathogens are implicated in the transmissions of more than 20 other pathogens beltrami et al 2000external icon. A percutaneous injury in which a health care worker is injured by a sharps object. A blood borne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. Bloodborne infections are transmitted through blood andor body fluids such as semen. However, because of the nature of the work, the performance of category i procedures may be necessary.
Bloodborne disease an overview sciencedirect topics. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis b virus hbv, hepatitis c virus hcv, and human immunodeficiency virus hiv, the virus that causes aids. The major bloodborne pathogens of concern to those responding to a. Procedures that involve no exposure to blood, body fluids, or tissues. Aohp year two national survey cdc pdf external expos. A persons skin is penetrated by an infectious source, such as an insect bite. Drying the blood or other potentially infectious material opim does not inactivate all blood borne pathogens for several hours, depending on the type of blood borne pathogen and the size of the blood spill. The prevention of transmission of bloodborne diseases in. Bloodborne pathogens are microbes such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in human blood. Who works with partners to provide education and improve awareness so that people know how to protect themselves and their communities from mosquitoes, ticks, bugs, flies and other vectors. Follow standard precautions to help prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and other diseases whenever there is a risk of exposure to blood or other body.
These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis b virus hbv and human immunodeficiency virus hiv. Preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens american red. Approved guideline, presents instructions for preparation of thick and thin blood films, the appropriate use of stains, and methods to assist in the diagnosis of many parasitic diseases. Blood borne pathogens and communicable diseases reporting. Jul 27, 2017 bloodborne pathogens cause diseases through contact with blood. The seroprevalence of the antihtlv1 antibody was found to be 0. Hepatitis b, a liver disease, and hiv, which causes aids, are the most common.
Bloodborne diseases are those infectious diseases which are transmitted through the blood or other body fluids. Every year there are more than 700,000 deaths from diseases such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, human african trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, yellow fever, japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis. The most common and dangerous germs spread through blood in the hospital are. Airborne diseases usually result in one or more of the following symptoms. Always use caution with everyone, whether they appear ill or not. The following are specific steps that must be taken for protection against contamination from infected blood or body fluids of another person, or from injury by a contaminated sharp object. Blood borne pathogens are microbes such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in human blood. Clsi document m15alaboratory diagnosis of bloodborne parasitic diseases. The prerequisite for success in this fight is the participation of all health care professionals. Laboratory diagnosis of bloodborne parasitic diseases.
Bloodborne diseases transmission, types, diagnosis, prevention. A specific eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, nonintact skin, or. Other bloodborne diseases that pose sporadic but infrequent occupational infection risks include. Preventing the spread of bloodborne pathogens fact and skill. Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people. Bloodborne diseases surveillance protocol for ontario hospitals developed by the ontario hospital association and the ontario medical association joint communicable diseases surveillance protocols committee approved by the oha and the oma board of directors the ministry of health and longterm care the minister of health and longterm care. Prevalence of bloodborne infectious diseases in blood donors. Controls that isolate or remove bloodborne pathogens from the workplace. Follow standard precautions to help prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens and other diseases whenever there is a risk of exposure to blood or other body fluids. Bloodborne pathogens are diseasecausing microorganisms in blood and other potentially infectious body fluids. Infectious diseases in 1991, osha occupation safety and health administration issued in the bloodborne pathogen standards.
Non blood borne diseases of concern include tuberculosis and shigellosis. Aha bloodborne pathogen tips american heart association. Lecture points bloodborne pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, are present in blood and body. You can be infected with hbv, hcv, or hiv if you are stuck with a needle or other sharp object that has.
Other causes include other diseases, side effects of medicines, and a lack of certain nutrients in your diet. Blood means human blood, human blood components, and products made from human blood. Several viruses may attack the human liver but five are relevant here. Germs that can cause longlasting infection in human blood and disease in humans are called bloodborne pathogens. Treatments and prognosis for blood diseases vary, depending on the blood condition and its severity. The national surveillance system for healthcare workers nash cdc pdf summary report for blood and body fluid exposure data collected from participating healthcare facilities june 1995 through december 2007 this report describes the variety of occupational exposures to blood and body fluids that occur among healthcare providers.